Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#Polity
✅Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- LGBTQ- V IMP for prelims
🔰Focus : Trans persons' identity- legal mechanism- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (TPA) and its associated Rules, 2020.
⚜️Legal principle: "Generalia specialibus non-derogant" (special laws override general laws).
🅾️Step 1: Submit an application to the District Magistrate (DM) along with an affidavit declaring the preferred gender identity.
🅾️Step 2: The DM processes the application within 30 days and issues a certificate of identity. If rejected, reasons must be provided.
🅾️Step 3 (Post-Surgery): In case of sex-reassignment surgery, a medical certificate from a Chief Medical Officer or Medical Superintendent is submitted to the DM for a revised certificate.
🅾️Timeframe for Revision: The revised certificate must be issued within 15 days.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- LGBTQ- V IMP for prelims
🔰Focus : Trans persons' identity- legal mechanism- Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (TPA) and its associated Rules, 2020.
⚜️Legal principle: "Generalia specialibus non-derogant" (special laws override general laws).
🅾️Step 1: Submit an application to the District Magistrate (DM) along with an affidavit declaring the preferred gender identity.
🅾️Step 2: The DM processes the application within 30 days and issues a certificate of identity. If rejected, reasons must be provided.
🅾️Step 3 (Post-Surgery): In case of sex-reassignment surgery, a medical certificate from a Chief Medical Officer or Medical Superintendent is submitted to the DM for a revised certificate.
🅾️Timeframe for Revision: The revised certificate must be issued within 15 days.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2- Vulnerable sections- Migrants- E shram portal
🅾️Issues with E-shram- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Issues with E-shram- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Governance- Digital India- Legal framework- e Governance- Digital India- its use in governance and challenges- Click here
🅾️Question: Examine the challenges posed by Generative AI (GAI) to existing legal frameworks and judicial precedents in India. How can India adapt its legal system to address these challenges in the context of digital jurisprudence?- Click here
⚠️Take away : efficient governance depends on the skills of those driving it.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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🅾️Question: Examine the challenges posed by Generative AI (GAI) to existing legal frameworks and judicial precedents in India. How can India adapt its legal system to address these challenges in the context of digital jurisprudence?- Click here
⚠️Take away : efficient governance depends on the skills of those driving it.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Judiciary- Collegium system- Reforms.
🅾️Note- The Collegium system is a unique process in India for appointing judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts. It operates based on the Constitutional interpretation made by the judiciary, rather than being explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
⚠️Issue : Judicial accountability- Click here- we already discussed this.
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🅾️Note- The Collegium system is a unique process in India for appointing judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts. It operates based on the Constitutional interpretation made by the judiciary, rather than being explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
⚠️Issue : Judicial accountability- Click here- we already discussed this.
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Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Values
🅾️Context : ethical and societal implications of political rhetoric and its impact on cultural and social stability
🔰Ethical justice demands:
⚜️Recognizing historical wrongs.
⚜️Upholding inclusivity without alienating communities or beliefs.
🅾️Politicians and public figures, therefore, have an ethical obligation to frame their criticisms constructively, targeting inequities rather than delegitimizing entire belief systems.The article argues for the preservation of Sanatana Dharma's positive aspects, emphasizing how reformers like Narayana Guru worked within the system to bring change rather than dismantling it.Politicians must practice ethical communication, using their platform to unite rather than divide.
🔰Remarks that dismiss cultural values entirely can:
⚜️Undermine trust in leadership.
⚜️Erode social harmony, critical for progress in diverse societies.
✅Join : Essay/ Ethics channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
🅾️Context : ethical and societal implications of political rhetoric and its impact on cultural and social stability
🔰Ethical justice demands:
⚜️Recognizing historical wrongs.
⚜️Upholding inclusivity without alienating communities or beliefs.
🅾️Politicians and public figures, therefore, have an ethical obligation to frame their criticisms constructively, targeting inequities rather than delegitimizing entire belief systems.The article argues for the preservation of Sanatana Dharma's positive aspects, emphasizing how reformers like Narayana Guru worked within the system to bring change rather than dismantling it.Politicians must practice ethical communication, using their platform to unite rather than divide.
🔰Remarks that dismiss cultural values entirely can:
⚜️Undermine trust in leadership.
⚜️Erode social harmony, critical for progress in diverse societies.
✅Join : Essay/ Ethics channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✅Gs-2 : Education
🅾️Drop out rate in schools-UDISE+ = UDISE+ is one of thelargest Management Information Systems initiated by the Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education, Government of India, covering more than 14.72 lakhs of schools, 98.08 lakhs of teachers, and 24.80 crores of children.
🅾️UDISE+ is an online portal facility created by DoSEL for record of data related to schools, teachers, enrolment, infrastructure, etc. in respect of all recognized schools in the country.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Drop out rate in schools-UDISE+ = UDISE+ is one of thelargest Management Information Systems initiated by the Department of School Education and Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education, Government of India, covering more than 14.72 lakhs of schools, 98.08 lakhs of teachers, and 24.80 crores of children.
🅾️UDISE+ is an online portal facility created by DoSEL for record of data related to schools, teachers, enrolment, infrastructure, etc. in respect of all recognized schools in the country.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Judiciary- Cross Border Legal services.
🅾️Globalization has significantly increased cross-border trade and investment, creating a demand for legal frameworks to support these transactions. This has resulted in the inclusion of legal services provisions in global trade agreements such as:
⚜️General Agreement on Trade in Services (1995).
⚜️North American Free Trade Agreement (1994).
⚜️European Union directives on legal services.
⚠️But this is only for a temporary period- so we need total unification of legal markets. In contrast, India’s legal sector has traditionally been protectionist, restricting foreign lawyers from practicing domestically.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Globalization has significantly increased cross-border trade and investment, creating a demand for legal frameworks to support these transactions. This has resulted in the inclusion of legal services provisions in global trade agreements such as:
⚜️General Agreement on Trade in Services (1995).
⚜️North American Free Trade Agreement (1994).
⚜️European Union directives on legal services.
⚠️But this is only for a temporary period- so we need total unification of legal markets. In contrast, India’s legal sector has traditionally been protectionist, restricting foreign lawyers from practicing domestically.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS(UPSC Highlights)- History
image_2025-01-09_11-13-14.png
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#GS1-#Art_and_Culture #Personalities
🔴GS1- Art and culture
✅Gs-1 : Indian History- Art and culture- IVC script controversy
🅾️Why is Deciphering the Indus Script Important?What Makes the Indus Script Difficult to Decipher?
⚜️Absence of a bilingual inscription, like the Rosetta Stone.
⚜️Lack of clarity on whether it represents a full-fledged language or proto-writing.
⚜️The possibility that the script lacks phonetic components (sounds linked to symbols).
🔰Studies found that 90% of Indus symbols are also present in Tamil Nadu artifacts, suggesting a continuity or cultural exchange.
➡️Join : @historyhighlights for History news.
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🔴GS1- Art and culture
✅Gs-1 : Indian History- Art and culture- IVC script controversy
🅾️Why is Deciphering the Indus Script Important?What Makes the Indus Script Difficult to Decipher?
⚜️Absence of a bilingual inscription, like the Rosetta Stone.
⚜️Lack of clarity on whether it represents a full-fledged language or proto-writing.
⚜️The possibility that the script lacks phonetic components (sounds linked to symbols).
🔰Studies found that 90% of Indus symbols are also present in Tamil Nadu artifacts, suggesting a continuity or cultural exchange.
➡️Join : @historyhighlights for History news.
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-1 : Geography- the Himalayan model of development-Uttarakhand- Bageshwar district
🔰Q) What is land subsidence? What are the reasons for land subsidence?Examine the reasons for land subsidence in the case of joshimath?- Click here
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🔰Q) What is land subsidence? What are the reasons for land subsidence?Examine the reasons for land subsidence in the case of joshimath?- Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Economic growth
🅾️What do you mean by middle class and why are they important?- Click here
⚠️Their problem : The middle class is indeed stuck between the political appeasement of the poor and tax avoidance by the wealthy
🅾️ If the government aims for inclusive growth, it must prioritize tax reforms, broaden the tax base, and focus on improving public services for the hardworking taxpayers who sustain the nation’s economic engine.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️What do you mean by middle class and why are they important?- Click here
⚠️Their problem : The middle class is indeed stuck between the political appeasement of the poor and tax avoidance by the wealthy
🅾️ If the government aims for inclusive growth, it must prioritize tax reforms, broaden the tax base, and focus on improving public services for the hardworking taxpayers who sustain the nation’s economic engine.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
#SnT
✅Gs-3 : Science and tech- Biotech- India Genome project
🅾️Background- Human Genome project and its significance
🔰Difference between Reference Map and Pangenome Map: Click here
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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Science and tech- Biotech- India Genome project
🅾️Background- Human Genome project and its significance
🔰Difference between Reference Map and Pangenome Map: Click here
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
image_2025-01-16_09-05-22.png
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✅Gs-3 : Environmental Pollution- Water pollution-Ground water resources
🅾️CGWB operates a network of 26,000 observation wells, with recent upgrades to 16,000-17,000 digital water level recorders connected to piezometers for real-time data.
🅾️Pollutants - Nitrate Contamination, Fluoride and Uranium Contamination
🅾️Groundwater extraction in India stands at 60.4%, with certain states (Rajasthan, Haryana, Karnataka) extracting more than is naturally replenished.
⚜️Safe Zones: Despite over-extraction, 73% of blocks in India are in the "safe zone," where groundwater is adequately replenished.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️CGWB operates a network of 26,000 observation wells, with recent upgrades to 16,000-17,000 digital water level recorders connected to piezometers for real-time data.
🅾️Pollutants - Nitrate Contamination, Fluoride and Uranium Contamination
🅾️Groundwater extraction in India stands at 60.4%, with certain states (Rajasthan, Haryana, Karnataka) extracting more than is naturally replenished.
⚜️Safe Zones: Despite over-extraction, 73% of blocks in India are in the "safe zone," where groundwater is adequately replenished.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Internal security- Defence- India’s AI Integration in Defense: Challenges and Opportunities
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Ethical Use of AI in warfare- REAIM process
🅾️India is progressively integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into its defense ecosystem to modernize its armed forces and enhance national security.
⚜️With a substantial defense budget of ₹6.21 lakh crore (2023) and strides in AI-driven innovations, the nation is on the path to leveraging AI for military applications.
⚠️However, systemic challenges and policy gaps hinder the full realization of AI's potential in defense.What are they?- Read the highlights.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Ethical Use of AI in warfare- REAIM process
🅾️India is progressively integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into its defense ecosystem to modernize its armed forces and enhance national security.
⚜️With a substantial defense budget of ₹6.21 lakh crore (2023) and strides in AI-driven innovations, the nation is on the path to leveraging AI for military applications.
⚠️However, systemic challenges and policy gaps hinder the full realization of AI's potential in defense.What are they?- Read the highlights.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure/ Science and technology
🅾️Problem : Growing Risks of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Aviation
⚠️Why Are Lithium-Ion Batteries Dangerous?
🚫Ans : Due to Thermal Runaway: When damaged or short-circuited, lithium-ion batteries can enter a self-heating cycle called thermal runaway. This leads to fires emitting toxic fumes, often difficult to extinguish due to the violent reaction.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Problem : Growing Risks of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Aviation
⚠️Why Are Lithium-Ion Batteries Dangerous?
🚫Ans : Due to Thermal Runaway: When damaged or short-circuited, lithium-ion batteries can enter a self-heating cycle called thermal runaway. This leads to fires emitting toxic fumes, often difficult to extinguish due to the violent reaction.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Defence- Navy arsenal- AtmaNirbharta in defence
🅾️Background : Context and Projects-
⚜️1. Project 17A (Stealth Frigates): Indigenous stealth frigate program with a focus on multi-role functionality.
⚜️2. Project 15B (Destroyers): Successor to the Kolkata-class, incorporating enhanced sensors and weapon systems.
⚜️3. Project 75 (Submarines): Collaborative effort with France’s Naval Group to produce modern submarines.
🅾️Defence exports and major steps taken by the government till now- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Background : Context and Projects-
⚜️1. Project 17A (Stealth Frigates): Indigenous stealth frigate program with a focus on multi-role functionality.
⚜️2. Project 15B (Destroyers): Successor to the Kolkata-class, incorporating enhanced sensors and weapon systems.
⚜️3. Project 75 (Submarines): Collaborative effort with France’s Naval Group to produce modern submarines.
🅾️Defence exports and major steps taken by the government till now- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Centre- state relations- The office of Governor
🅾️Central Question: Can UGC regulations override State University Acts passed by state legislatures?
🅾️Higher education is on the Concurrent List (Entry 25, List III). Union legislation prevails if there’s a conflict (Article 254 of the Constitution).
🅾️Conflicting Judgments-Supreme Court Direction Needed:
⚜️Case 1: Upholds state autonomy (State laws take precedence).
⚜️Case 2: Emphasizes the binding nature of UGC regulations.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Central Question: Can UGC regulations override State University Acts passed by state legislatures?
🅾️Higher education is on the Concurrent List (Entry 25, List III). Union legislation prevails if there’s a conflict (Article 254 of the Constitution).
🅾️Conflicting Judgments-Supreme Court Direction Needed:
⚜️Case 1: Upholds state autonomy (State laws take precedence).
⚜️Case 2: Emphasizes the binding nature of UGC regulations.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
⚠️ 2024 has been an eventful year for VK IAS- A lot of students asked if we would launch a Current Affairs course- This year, VK IAS has decided to make it FREE - It will require only one thing from you.
CONSISTENCY! - I request you all to spread the word and help us reach out to a wider audience. The channel has not been active for a while -So we need your Support in reaching out to the larger set of audience.
🔰What does it take to build consistency?- Spend 10-15 minutes of your time DAILY on VK IAS youtube platform!. It can place you in a better situation!
✅Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
CONSISTENCY! - I request you all to spread the word and help us reach out to a wider audience. The channel has not been active for a while -So we need your Support in reaching out to the larger set of audience.
🔰What does it take to build consistency?- Spend 10-15 minutes of your time DAILY on VK IAS youtube platform!. It can place you in a better situation!
✅Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs1 - Geography-Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths- Why are they called critical minerals?- Ex: Read this
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- Africa Relations- THE LAND OF THE FUTURE- Click here
🔰Present article is about how India should deal with china's economic strategies.
⚠️Prelims info :
⚜️KHANIJ BIDESH INDIA LTD- CLick here
⚜️Major producers of lithium-Click here
⚜️Catamarca Province, Argentina- CLick here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Subscribe to VK IAS's YouTube channel : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- Africa Relations- THE LAND OF THE FUTURE- Click here
🔰Present article is about how India should deal with china's economic strategies.
⚠️Prelims info :
⚜️KHANIJ BIDESH INDIA LTD- CLick here
⚜️Major producers of lithium-Click here
⚜️Catamarca Province, Argentina- CLick here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Subscribe to VK IAS's YouTube channel : Click here and join the VK IAS channel